How is cryolite used in casting?
Primarily used in ductile iron production. Cryolite does not react with water.
1) Sprinkle it onto the surface of the molten iron at a dosage of 0.1%–0.3%. Its functions include slag removal and surface coverage. Cryolite helps dilute the molten slag, making it easier to collect and remove. When heated above 1011°C, cryolite decomposes, releasing AlF3 gas. This gas can protect the surface of the molten iron from oxidation—but unfortunately, it is harmful to humans.
2) For the wet-type mold cavity, a thin layer of cryolite powder is applied to prevent subsurface porosity. After pouring, a molten layer of cryolite forms at the metal-mold interface, effectively dissolving any moisture present and neutralizing byproducts from reduction reactions. This reduces the substrate required for hydrogen to precipitate and form bubble nuclei within the molten iron layer at the interface. Additionally, at high temperatures, the cryolite decomposes to release AlF₃ gas, which helps shield the molten iron layer from unwanted chemical reactions with interfacial water vapor, thereby preventing hydrogen absorption into the iron melt.
3) Without cryolite, the high viscosity of the slag during spheroidizing makes it difficult to remove the slag completely, leading to residual slag that significantly increases inclusion defects in castings. Additionally, spheroidal graphite often experiences repeated decay. Analysis reveals that this issue is directly linked to incomplete slag removal, as the MgS and Ce-2S-3 compounds in the slag react with oxygen from the air. Based on years of production experience, cryolite has proven effective in reducing porosity, inclusions, and spheroidal graphite decay.
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